China
Snakes in China
300+ snake species have been recorded in China, 96 venomous.
Snakes of China
China holds one of the richest snake faunas on Earth, with 300+ species recorded in our data, of which 96 are venomous. The sheer scale of the country explains the diversity. China spans an enormous range of latitude, from the subtropical and tropical south through temperate central provinces to the cold northern frontier, and an equally dramatic range of elevation, from coastal lowlands up onto the high Tibetan plateau. Within those extremes sit arid western deserts, dense southern rainforests, and deep river valleys that act as both corridors and barriers. Each of these settings favors different snakes, so the national total is really the sum of many distinct regional communities rather than one uniform group.
The greatest concentration of species lives in the warm, wet south. Provinces and regions such as Yunnan, Hainan, and Guangxi carry the heaviest share of the country's snakes, including most of its tropical specialists. As you move north and west into temperate forest, steppe, and high plateau, the number of species thins out and the assemblages shift toward cold-tolerant generalists. This south-to-north gradient is the single most useful idea for understanding where a given Chinese snake is likely to occur.
Most of China's snakes are non-venomous, and the colubrids dominate that majority. Rat snakes are among the most familiar, including the large and strikingly patterned beauty rat snake, along with many water snakes, kukri snakes, and slender forest species that pose no medical threat to people. In the far south, the Burmese python represents the country's largest snake, a heavy-bodied constrictor of forest and wetland edges. These harmless species are the snakes most people in China are likely to encounter, and they play important roles controlling rodents and other small prey.
The venomous groups are concentrated among a smaller set of families but include several species capable of serious bites. China hosts a wide array of Asian pit vipers in genera such as Trimeresurus and Protobothrops, plus the distinctive sharp-nosed pit viper, Deinagkistrodon acutus, locally known as the hundred-pace snake. Among the elapids are the Chinese cobra, Naja atra, the king cobra in southern forests, and kraits of the genus Bungarus, including the many-banded krait, Bungarus multicinctus, whose bites can be especially dangerous because early symptoms may seem mild. Off the coast, several true sea snakes add a marine dimension to the venomous fauna.
The snake also occupies a place in Chinese culture as one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac, a sign associated in tradition with wisdom and grace. That cultural familiarity sits alongside a practical reality. While the great majority of Chinese snakes are harmless, serious bites do happen, most often in rural areas of the south where agricultural work brings people into contact with venomous species. China has developed antivenoms for its medically important snakes, which has improved outcomes where treatment is accessible.
For anyone in the field, the safe approach is to treat every wild snake as best left alone. No wild snake should be picked up or handled, regardless of how harmless it may appear, because identification in the moment is unreliable and even non-venomous bites can cause injury or infection. If a bite occurs, the right response is to seek professional emergency medical care immediately and let trained clinicians manage it. This guide is for identification and understanding, not for treatment, and it is not a substitute for medical advice.
Snakes in China: FAQ
- Are there venomous snakes in China?
- Yes. 96 venomous snake species have verified records in China, including Lanna Green Pitviper, Siamese Red-necked Keelback, Gloydius variegatus, Vang Vieng lance-headed pit viper. Most snakes in China, however, are harmless.
- How many snake species live in China?
- 300+ snake species have verified records in China, of which 96 are venomous.
- What is the most commonly seen snake in China?
- The Lanna Green Pitviper is the most frequently reported snake in China, based on verified wildlife observations.
- What should I do if I see a venomous snake in China?
- Keep your distance and do not try to catch or kill it. Most bites happen when people handle or corner a snake. If someone is bitten, contact local emergency services or poison control immediately.
Venomous snakes in China
- No photo
Every snake recorded in China
300+ species across 12 families, grouped by family. Venomous flagged.
Colubridae (198)
Levant Rat Snake
Elaphe druzei
Harmless
Siamese Red-necked Keelback
Rhabdophis siamensis
Venomous
Red-banded Snake
Lycodon rufozonatus
Harmless
Angel's Mountain Keelback
Trimerodytes praemaxillaris
Harmless
Chinese Green Snake
Ptyas major
Harmless
Beauty Ratsnake
Elaphe taeniura
Harmless
Tiger Keelback
Rhabdophis tigrinus
Venomous
Mountain Water Snake
Trimerodytes percarinatus
Harmless
King Ratsnake
Elaphe carinata
Harmless
Buff Striped Keelback
Amphiesma stolatum
Harmless
Steppe Ratsnake
Elaphe dione
Harmless
Ringed Water Snake
Trimerodytes annularis
Harmless
Red Mountain Ratsnake
Oreocryptophis porphyraceus
Harmless
Tikiri Keelback
Fowlea unicolor
Harmless
Big-Eyed Ratsnake
Ptyas dhumnades
Harmless
Yellow-spotted Keelback
Fowlea flavipunctata
Harmless
Chinese Tiger Keelback
Rhabdophis lateralis
Venomous
Taiwan Kukri Snake
Oligodon formosanus
Harmless
Big-tooth Snake
Lycodon flavozonatus
Harmless
Indo-Chinese Rat Snake
Ptyas korros
Harmless
Heller's Red-necked Keelback
Rhabdophis helleri
Venomous
Mandarin Ratsnake
Euprepiophis mandarinus
Harmless
Kelung Cat Snake
Boiga kraepelini
Harmless
Oriental Rat Snake
Ptyas mucosa
Harmless
Big-eyed Bamboo Snake
Pseudoxenodon macrops
Harmless
Formosa Wolf Snake
Lycodon ruhstrati
Harmless
Groove-necked Keel-back
Rhabdophis nuchalis
Venomous
Sibynophis grahami
Harmless
Indochinese Long-nosed Whipsnake
Ahaetulla fusca
Harmless
Oriental Whipsnake
Ahaetulla prasina
Harmless
Chinese Kukri Snake
Oligodon chinensis
Harmless
Sichuan Mountain Keelback
Opisthotropis latouchii
Harmless
Kuatun Keelback
Hebius craspedogaster
Harmless
False Habu
Pseudagkistrodon rudis
Harmless
Many-spotted Cat Snake
Boiga multomaculata
Harmless
Northern Reed Snake
Calamaria septentrionalis
Harmless
Chinese Many-tooth Snake
Sibynophis chinensis
Harmless
Copperhead Rat Snake
Coelognathus radiatus
Harmless
Futsing Wolf Snake
Lycodon futsingensis
Harmless
Jade Tree Snake
Gonyosoma iadinum
Harmless
Korean Ratsnake
Elaphe anomala
Harmless
No photo
Dendrelaphis thasuni
Harmless
Slender Racer
Orientocoluber spinalis
Harmless
Flower Snake
Elaphe moellendorffi
Harmless
Rein Snake
Gonyosoma frenatum
Harmless
Kosempo Keelback
Hebius sauteri
Harmless
Chinese Mountain Snake
Plagiopholis styani
Harmless
Green Rat Snake
Ptyas nigromarginata
Harmless
Black Cross-barred Kukri Snake
Oligodon cinereus
Harmless
Pope's Keelback
Hebius popei
Harmless
Sichuan Wolf Snake
Lycodon liuchengchaoi
Harmless
Asiatic Water Snake
Trimerodytes aequifasciatus
Harmless
Twin-spotted Ratsnake
Elaphe bimaculata
Harmless
Golden Tree Snake
Chrysopelea ornata
Harmless
Stejneger's Bamboo Snake
Pseudoxenodon stejnegeri
Harmless
Chiwen keelback
Rhabdophis chiwen
Venomous
Red-necked Keelback
Rhabdophis subminiatus
Venomous
Bamboo Snake
Pseudoxenodon bambusicola
Harmless
Tessellated Water Snake
Natrix tessellata
Harmless
Vietnamese Bronzeback
Dendrelaphis ngansonensis
Harmless
Rose Big-tooth Snake
Lycodon rosozonatus
Harmless
Leonard's Keelback
Rhabdophis leonardi
Venomous
Eight-lined Keelback
Hebius octolineatus
Harmless
Manchurian Black Ratsnake
Elaphe schrenckii
Harmless
Tai-yong Keelback
Hebius boulengeri
Harmless
Banded Wolf Snake
Lycodon fasciatus
Harmless
Lungshen Kukri Snake
Oligodon lungshenensis
Harmless
Small-banded Kukri Snake
Oligodon fasciolatus
Harmless
South China Green Snake
Ptyas multicincta
Harmless
Opisthotropis cheni
Harmless
Mount Gongga Keelback
Rhabdophis pentasupralabialis
Venomous
Bicoloured Stream Snake
Opisthotropis lateralis
Harmless
Striped Stream Snake
Opisthotropis kuatunensis
Harmless
Vietnamese Big-toothed Wolf Snake
Lycodon meridionalis
Harmless
Boehme’s wolf Snake
Lycodon synaptor
Harmless
Anderson's Mountain Keelback
Opisthotropis andersonii
Harmless
Gongshan Wolf Snake
Lycodon gongshan
Harmless
Wa Shan Keelback
Hebius metusia
Harmless
Chinese Bamboo Snake
Pseudoxenodon karlschmidti
Harmless
Common Wolf Snake
Lycodon capucinus
Harmless
Ornate Kukri Snake
Oligodon ornatus
Harmless
Père David's Ratsnake
Elaphe davidi
Harmless
Guangxi cat snake
Boiga guangxiensis
Harmless
Painted Bronzeback
Dendrelaphis pictus
Harmless
Green Cat Snake
Boiga cyanea
Harmless
Painted Wolf Snake
Lycodon pictus
Harmless
Mount Omei Keelback
Hebius optatus
Harmless
Banded Stream Snake
Trimerodytes balteatus
Harmless
No photo
Yunnan Reed Snake
Calamaria yunnanensis
Harmless
Chequered Keelback
Fowlea piscator
Harmless
Japanese Keelback
Hebius vibakari
Harmless
Namdong Wolf Snake
Lycodon chapaensis
Harmless
Vogel's Bronzeback
Dendrelaphis vogeli
Harmless
Northern Large-toothed Snake
Lycodon septentrionalis
Harmless
Banded Keelback
Rhabdophis nigrocinctus
Venomous
Collared Black-headed Snake
Sibynophis collaris
Harmless
Collared Reed Snake
Calamaria pavimentata
Harmless
Adler's Keelback
Rhabdophis adleri
Venomous
Johann's Keelback
Hebius johannis
Harmless
Hainan Rhinoceros Snake
Gonyosoma hainanense
Harmless
Gold-ringed Cat Snake
Boiga dendrophila
Harmless
Tonkin Keelback
Hebius atemporalis
Harmless
Black Copper Rat Snake
Coelognathus flavolineatus
Harmless
Kutkai Keelback
Hebius bitaeniatus
Harmless
Huaping Wolf Snake
Lycodon cathaya
Harmless
Maxwell's Mountain Keelback
Opisthotropis maxwelli
Harmless
Malayan Banded Wolf Snake
Lycodon subcinctus
Harmless
Lacroix Kukri Snake
Oligodon lacroixi
Harmless
Blakeway’s Mountain Snake
Plagiopholis blakewayi
Harmless
Shenzhen Mountain Stream Snake
Opisthotropis shenzhenensis
Harmless
Double-striped Kukri Snake
Oligodon bivirgatus
Harmless
Eastern bronzeback tree snake
Dendrelaphis proarchos
Harmless
Blue-eyed Bush Rat Snake
Gonyosoma coeruleum
Harmless
Orange-collared Keelback
Rhabdophis himalayanus
Venomous
Hebius yanbianensis
Harmless
Mountain Worm-eating Snake
Trachischium monticola
Harmless
Opisthotropis zhaoermii
Harmless
Spotted Whip Snake
Hemorrhois ravergieri
Harmless
Triangle Many-tooth Snake
Sibynophis triangularis
Harmless
Bella Rat Snake
Archelaphe bella
Harmless
Assam Kukri Snake
Oligodon catenatus
Harmless
Opisthotropis hungtai
Harmless
Panzhihua Wolf Snake
Lycodon obvelatus
Harmless
Assam Mountain Snake
Plagiopholis nuchalis
Harmless
Pearl-banded Rat Snake
Euprepiophis perlaceus
Harmless
Calamaria arcana
Harmless
Green Bush Rat Snake
Gonyosoma prasinum
Harmless
Hebius youjiangensis
Harmless
Calamaria berezowskii
Harmless
Guangdong keelback
Rhabdophis guangdongensis
Venomous
Opisthotropis haihaensis
Harmless
Indian Wolf Snake
Lycodon aulicus
Harmless
Light-barred Kukri Snake
Oligodon albocinctus
Harmless
Himalayan Trinket
Elaphe hodgsoni
Harmless
Angel’s Keelback
Rhabdophis angeli
Venomous
Opisthotropis laui
Harmless
Sikkim Keelback
Herpetoreas sieboldii
Harmless
Modest Keelback
Hebius modestus
Harmless
Scarletsnake
Cemophora coccinea
Harmless
Triangle Keelback
Xenochrophis trianguligerus
Harmless
Mountain Bronzeback
Dendrelaphis subocularis
Harmless
Himalayan Keelback
Herpetoreas platyceps
Harmless
Yunnan Keelback Water Snake
Trimerodytes yunnanensis
Harmless
Eberhardt's Kukri Snake
Oligodon eberhardti
Harmless
Yunnan Olive Keelback
Fowlea yunnanensis
Harmless
Hainan Keelback
Rhabdophis confusus
Venomous
Gammie's Wolf Snake
Lycodon gammiei
Harmless
Yellowbelly Worm-eating Snake
Trachischium tenuiceps
Harmless
Medog Kukri Snake
Oligodon lipipengi
Harmless
Japanese Four-lined Ratsnake
Elaphe quadrivirgata
Harmless
Rhino Rat Snake
Gonyosoma boulengeri
Harmless
Dull Bamboo Snake
Pseudoxenodon inornatus
Harmless
Guangxi Mountain Keelback
Opisthotropis guangxiensis
Harmless
Coral-bellied Wormsnake
Trachischium guentheri
Harmless
Sichuan Hot-spring Keel-back
Thermophis zhaoermii
Harmless
Zoige Ratsnake
Elaphe zoigeensis
Harmless
Ningshaan Kukri Snake
Stichophanes ningshaanensis
Harmless
Hebius weixiensis
Harmless
Herpetoreas tpser
Harmless
Red-tailed Green Ratsnake
Gonyosoma oxycephalum
Harmless
Striped Kukri Snake
Oligodon taeniatus
Harmless
Brown Kukri Snake
Oligodon purpurascens
Harmless
Eastern Trinket Snake
Elaphe cantoris
Harmless
North-east Indian Kukri Snake
Oligodon cyclurus
Harmless
Stoliczka's Asian Cat Snake
Boiga stoliczkae
Harmless
Luding Kukri Snake
Lycodon multizonatus
Harmless
Grey Kukri Snake
Oligodon joynsoni
Harmless
Zayu Wolf Snake
Lycodon zayuensis
Harmless
Hebius septemlineatus
Harmless
Chin Hills Keelback
Hebius venningi
Harmless
Hebius nigriventer
Harmless
Chapa Mountain Keelback
Opisthotropis jacobi
Harmless
Trimerodytes yapingi
Harmless
Serrate-banded Wolf Snake
Lycodon serratus
Harmless
DeKay's Brownsnake
Storeria dekayi
Harmless
Grass Snake
Natrix natrix
Harmless
Japanese Ratsnake
Elaphe climacophora
Harmless
Four-lined Snake
Elaphe quatuorlineata
Harmless
Long-nosed Whipsnake
Ahaetulla nasuta
Harmless
Malayan Whipsnake
Ahaetulla mycterizans
Harmless
Common Cat Snake
Boiga trigonata
Harmless
Laotian Wolf Snake
Lycodon laoensis
Harmless
Keeled Rat Snake
Ptyas carinata
Harmless
Blue Bronzeback
Dendrelaphis cyanochloris
Harmless
Eyed Cat Snake
Boiga siamensis
Harmless
Yellow-speckled Wolfsnake
Lycodon jara
Harmless
Khasi Hills Keelback
Hebius khasiensis
Harmless
Ceylon Keelback
Aspidura ceylonensis
Harmless
Boiga quincunciata
Harmless
Günther's Reed Snake
Gongylosoma frenata
Harmless
Yunnan keelback
Hebius clerki
Harmless
Liopeltis stoliczkae
Harmless
Nagao Kukri Snake
Oligodon nagao
Harmless
Delacour's Mountain Snake
Plagiopholis delacouri
Harmless
Olive Oriental Slender Snake
Trachischium laeve
Harmless
Hampton's Kukri Snake
Oligodon hamptoni
Harmless
Smithophis linearis
Harmless
No photo
Brown Trapezoid Snake
Smithophis bicolor
Harmless
Viperidae (53)
Lanna Green Pitviper
Trimeresurus lanna
Venomous
Gloydius variegatus
Venomous
Vang Vieng lance-headed pit viper
Protobothrops flavirostris
Venomous
Chinese Green Tree Viper
Trimeresurus stejnegeri
Venomous
White-lipped Pit Viper
Trimeresurus albolabris
Venomous
Brown spotted pitviper
Protobothrops mucrosquamatus
Venomous
Short-tailed Mamushi
Gloydius brevicaudus
Venomous
Chinese Moccasin
Deinagkistrodon acutus
Venomous
Jerdon's Pitviper
Protobothrops jerdonii
Venomous
Short-tailed Mamushi
Gloydius blomhoffii
Venomous
Fea's Viper
Azemiops feae
Venomous
Taiwan mountain pitviper
Ovophis makazayazaya
Venomous
Tonkin Pit Viper
Ovophis tonkinensis
Venomous
Halys Pit Viper
Gloydius halys
Venomous
Ussuri Mamushi
Gloydius ussuriensis
Venomous
Central Asian Pitviper
Gloydius intermedius
Venomous
Gumprecht's Green Pitviper
Trimeresurus gumprechti
Venomous
Chinese Mountain Pit Viper
Ovophis monticola
Venomous
Fi-si-pan Horned Pit Viper
Protobothrops cornutus
Venomous
Mao-lan pitviper
Protobothrops maolanensis
Venomous
Yunnan Bamboo Pitviper
Trimeresurus yunnanensis
Venomous
Alashan pitviper
Gloydius cognatus
Venomous
Shedao Island Pitviper
Gloydius shedaoensis
Venomous
Gloydius changdaoensis
Venomous
Mang Mountain Pitviper
Protobothrops mangshanensis
Venomous
Zayuan Mountain Pitviper
Ovophis zayuensis
Venomous
Pope’s Tree Viper
Trimeresurus popeiorum
Venomous
Guo's Green Pit Viper
Trimeresurus guoi
Venomous
Adder
Vipera berus
Venomous
Gloydius liupanensis
Venomous
Sichuan Lancehead
Protobothrops xiangchengensis
Venomous
Trimeresurus sichuanensis
Venomous
Steppe Viper
Vipera renardi
Venomous
Siamese Russell's Viper
Daboia siamensis
Venomous
Likiang Pitviper
Gloydius monticola
Venomous
Tibetan Pit Viper
Trimeresurus tibetanus
Venomous
Nabang Pitviper
Trimeresurus caudornatus
Venomous
Kaulback's Lance-headed Pitviper
Protobothrops kaulbacki
Venomous
Gloydius rubromaculatus
Venomous
Protobothrops dabieshanensis
Venomous
Green Bamboo Leaf Pit Viper
Trimeresurus medoensis
Venomous
Himalayan Pitviper
Protobothrops himalayanus
Venomous
Lancang Plateau Viper
Gloydius huangi
Venomous
Meadow Viper
Vipera ursinii
Venomous
Trungkhanh Pitviper
Protobothrops trungkhanhensis
Venomous
Russell's Viper
Daboia russelii
Venomous
Common Bamboo Viper
Craspedocephalus gramineus
Venomous
Glacier Pit Viper
Gloydius swild
Venomous
Okinawa Pitviper
Ovophis okinavensis
Venomous
Ashy Pit Viper
Craspedocephalus puniceus
Venomous
Caucasus Subalpine Viper
Vipera dinniki
Venomous
Alburzi Viper
Vipera eriwanensis
Venomous
No photo
Gloydius angusticeps
Venomous
Elapidae (28)
Bungarus sagittatus
Venomous
Many-banded Krait
Bungarus multicinctus
Venomous
Brown Banded Cobra
Naja fuxi
Venomous
Chinese Cobra
Naja atra
Venomous
Sinomicrurus annularis
Venomous
Banded Krait
Bungarus fasciatus
Venomous
Black-necked Spitting Cobra
Naja nigricollis
Venomous
Northern King Cobra
Ophiophagus hannah
Venomous
Sunda King Cobra
Ophiophagus bungarus
Venomous
Annulated Sea Snake
Hydrophis cyanocinctus
Venomous
Kellogg's Coral Snake
Sinomicrurus kelloggi
Venomous
Guangxi Coral Snake
Sinomicrurus peinani
Venomous
Indian Cobra
Naja naja
Venomous
MacClelland’s Coral Snake
Sinomicrurus macclellandi
Venomous
Suzhen’s Krait
Bungarus suzhenae
Venomous
Yellow-bellied Sea Snake
Hydrophis platurus
Venomous
Malayan Krait
Bungarus candidus
Venomous
Striped Sea Snake
Hydrophis fasciatus
Venomous
Monocled Cobra
Naja kaouthia
Venomous
Blue-lipped Sea Krait
Laticauda laticaudata
Venomous
Yellow-lipped Sea Krait
Laticauda colubrina
Venomous
Chinese Sea Krait
Laticauda semifasciata
Venomous
Red-headed Krait
Bungarus flaviceps
Venomous
Speckled Coralsnake
Calliophis maculiceps
Venomous
Spine-bellied Sea Snake
Hydrophis curtus
Venomous
Northeastern Hill Krait
Bungarus bungaroides
Venomous
Black-headed Sea Snake
Hydrophis atriceps
Venomous
Stagger-banded Sea Snake
Aipysurus eydouxii
Venomous
Pareidae (18)
White-spotted slug snake
Pareas margaritophorus
Harmless
Formosa Slug Snake
Pareas formosensis
Harmless
Boulenger's Slug Snake
Pareas boulengeri
Harmless
Keeled Slug Snake
Pareas carinatus
Harmless
Pareas berdmorei
Harmless
Chinese Slug Snake
Pareas chinensis
Harmless
Mountain Slug Snake
Pareas macularius
Harmless
Hampton's Slug Snake
Pareas hamptoni
Harmless
Stanley's Slug Snake
Pareas stanleyi
Harmless
Pareas niger
Harmless
Formosan Slug Snake
Pareas komaii
Harmless
Pareas yunnanensis
Harmless
Common Slug Snake
Pareas monticola
Harmless
Pareas tigerinus
Harmless
Pareas andersonii
Harmless
Atayal Slug-eating Snake
Pareas atayal
Harmless
Xiaoheishan Slug-eater Snake
Pareas nigriceps
Harmless
Pareas vindumi
Harmless
Xenodermidae (11)
Huang's odd-scaled snake
Achalinus huangjietangi
Harmless
Boulenger's Odd-scaled Snake
Achalinus rufescens
Harmless
Peters' Odd-scaled Snake
Achalinus spinalis
Harmless
Achalinus ningshanensis
Harmless
Zong's Odd-scaled Snake
Achalinus jinggangensis
Harmless
Achalinus panzhihuaensis
Harmless
Achalinus yunkaiensis
Harmless
Achalinus dehuaensis
Harmless
Achalinus hunanensis
Harmless
Szechwan Odd-scaled Snake
Achalinus meiguensis
Harmless
Ha Giang Odd-scaled Snake
Achalinus zugorum
Harmless
Homalopsidae (9)
Myrrophis dakkrongensis
Harmless
Chinese Water Snake
Myrrophis chinensis
Harmless
Rice Paddy Snake
Hypsiscopus plumbeus
Harmless
Bennett's Mud Snake
Myrrophis bennettii
Harmless
Jack's Water Snake
Homalopsis mereljcoxi
Harmless
Rainbow Mud Snake
Enhydris enhydris
Harmless
Puff-faced Water Snake
Homalopsis buccata
Harmless
Asian Bockadam
Cerberus rynchops
Harmless
Macleay's Water Snake
Pseudoferania polylepis
Harmless
Typhlopidae (4)
Pythonidae (3)
Xenopeltidae (2)
Pseudaspididae (1)
Boidae (1)
Psammophiidae (1)
Compiled from verified GBIF & iNaturalist observations. "How often seen" reflects how frequently a snake is reported here, not how dangerous it is. Informational only.
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